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γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a central nervous system depressant that is normally made in humans and other animals. It is also present in foods such as wine, beef and small citrus fruits. GHB is categorized as an illegal drug in many countries.〔(Erowid GHB Vault : Legal Status ).〕 It is currently regulated in Australia and New Zealand, Canada, most of Europe and in the US. GHB as the sodium salt, known as sodium oxybate (INN) or by the trade name Xyrem, is used to treat cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance. It is also used as an intoxicant (illegally in many jurisdictions) or as a date rape drug.〔 GHB is naturally produced in the human body's cells. As a supplement or drug, it is used most commonly in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (Na.GHB, sodium oxybate, or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (K.GHB, potassium oxybate). GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and so is found in small quantities in some beers and wines. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood. ==Medical use== The only common medical applications for GHB today are in the treatment of narcolepsy and more rarely alcoholism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= GHB history, GHB discovery, early GHB use till now )〕 GHB is the active ingredient in the prescription medication sodium oxybate (Xyrem). Sodium oxybate is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cataplexy associated with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. GHB has been shown to reliably increase slow-wave sleep. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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